Manezhnaya square and Alexandrovsky garden
When the Moscow Kremlin was being constructed, Neglinnaya river was flowing just at the site of today's location of the Alexandrovsky garden. In 1817- 1819 it was enclosed in a tunnel. In 1812, after the inglorious outcome of Napoleon from Moscow, a huge part of the city was burned, the Emperor Alexander I ordered to lay out a gorgeous garden under the Kremlin wall, which still bears his name. Manezhnaya square is adjacent to the garden.
Route points
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1The monument to Prince VladimirBorovitskaya square
Installed on Borovitskaya square November 4, 2016. Prince Vladimir baptized Rus to Orthodoxy, and did so without bloodshed: the pagans turned into christians at their own will. They say, that before he was baptized, he had hundreds of concubines, but after he married the Byzantine Princess, he was faithful to her until the end of his life.
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2The Monument To Alexander IAlexandrovsky garden
The Alexandrovsky garden was named in honor of this tsar. The monument was inaugurated in 2014. The winner of Napoleon, called Blessed, ended his days in a strange way. According to some sources, he died in Taganrog of typhoid fever, another version - he retired from the world and became a monk.
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3The Center of Oriental Literature of the RSL
230 books in Oriental languages are kept in the former estate of the Shirinsky-Shahovskoy's. Here is the Centre of the Oriental Russian State Library (RSL), the former "Leninka" library. More than 850 thousand books which are dated back to the IX century are stored here. Harmonic, butterfly, foot - these exotic names are given to the forms of the books in the local depositories.
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4The Manege
The Manege was built in 1817 to the 5th anniversary of Russia's victory in the Patriotic war of 1812. At first it was called the "Ekzercirgouz" - the house for exercise. The regiments were marching here, later the building was used as the stables and the government garage and only after them - it was transformed into the exhibition hall. Here, when visiting a modern exhibition, Khrushchev began his struggle with abstract painting, stating sacramental: "Our people do not need it!"
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5The Kutafya tower
The only tower- strelnitsa, preserved in the Kremlin. It repeatedly prevented the enemy troops from conquering Muscovy. The tower was connected with the Trinity tower by the Trinity bridge over the river Neglinnaya. In case of danger it was closed with drawbridge and became almost impregnable.
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6The Italian GrottoAlexandrovsky garden
The second name of the grotto "Ruins". Established in 1841 by the architect Beauvais. Cannon balls and pieces of buildings, destroyed during the war of 1812, were the construction materials for it. To the left of the grotto there is a path, which allows you to go up and see two stone lions, lying above the grotto.
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7The Obelisk of the RomanovsAlexandrovsky garden
Opened in 1913 to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the reign of the Romanovs. After the revolution, on Lenin's initiative, the monument was transformed – the names of the tsars were replaced by the names of the revolutionaries, instead of the Royal Coat of Arms on the top of it a ball was hoisted, and the obelisk was decorated with a relief ornament with the words: "Proletarians of all countries, unite" and "RSFSR". In this form it was named the obelisk to "Fighters-thinkers". In 2013 the original view of the monument was returned to it.
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8The Monument to HermogenesAlexandrovsky garden
The bronze sculpture was installed in 2013.. Canonized Patriarch Hermogenes, in the Time of Troubles played no less a role, than known to everybody Minin and Pozharsky. He died in a Polish prison from hunger. Was blessing people to fight against the invaders of the Russian land till his last day.
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9The Monument to the Hero-CitiesAlexandrovsky garden
A granite walkway goes from the tomb of the unknown soldier. Each of its 12 individual granite blocks, stores a soil of a Hero-City - a settlement of the Soviet Union, which showed especially fierce resistance to the Nazis. In 2010 the stela, dedicated to the cities of military glory of Russia was also opened here. Now they are 45.
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10The Tomb of the Unknown SoldierAlexandrovsky garden
The memorial ensemble was created in honor of the 25th anniversary of the victory in the Battle of Moscow. Here is buried a soldier who died a heroic death in 1941, whose name was unable to determine, as hundreds of other victims. His ashes were transferred in 1967 from a mass grave at the 40th kilometer of the Leningrad highway.
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11The Eternal Flame and the Post # 1Alexandrovsky garden
The eternal flame was transported from the Field of Mars in St. Petersburg. The main post of the country was set up near the fire. The eternal peace of heroes is guarded by the soldiers of the Kremlin Regiment of honor guard. It changes hourly: the guard prints the "goose step", as the Russian soldiers during the Paul I reign did.
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12Cast Iron Garden GateAlexandrovsky garden
A massive gate made in the Imperial tradition: the head of Gorgon Medusa, which later became the symbol of an expensive Italian fashion house; the double-headed eagles from the Coat of Arms of pre-revolutionary Russia; and pillars-fascia, in allegorical bundles of rods - the attribute of the Roman kings power.
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13Hotel «Moscow»
One of the first hotels built in the Soviet Union. According to the legend, the project was to be claimed personally by Stalin. The drawing was presented to him as a combination of two different versions of the facade decor - to choose from. He silently signed and returned the paper. The architects did not dare to clarify which version is preferable and built the hotel according to the project – with different decor.
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14Monument to Marshal Zhukov
Installed to celebrate the 50th anniversary of victory in the Great Patriotic war. Marshal Zhukov is depicted during the Victory parade in 1945. The monument, made in the style of socialist realism, was much criticized. It seemed, that the military commander had disproportionately short legs and too big chest – apparently to hold his numerous awards.
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15The Historical Museum
5 million items and 14 million pages of documentary materials stores the largest Museum of the Russian State History. To get around the Museum, you need to make 4 thousand steps or to cover 3 km.
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16The Archaeology Museum of Moscow
The Museum is located on the 7-meter depth under the ground. The main exhibit of the museum - the remains of the ancient Voskresensky bridge, which once spanned the Neglinnaya river. At the Museum everyone will be able to feel like an archaeologist, or at least a resident of the dungeon.
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17The Museum of the Patriotic war of 1812
Before the revolution the meetings of the Moscow City Duma were taking place in this building. During the time of the Soviet Union the Lenin Museum was located here. One could examine numerous gifts, presented to the Revolution leader, his jacket, shot by Armand (Kaplan?) and family photos. Now it is the Museum of the War of 1812.